For US Cyber Security

What is the best layout and equipment to have?

Setting up a secure IT infrastructure for a small office involves careful
planning of both the network layout and the selection of appropriate
equipment. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you create a robust
cybersecurity environment:

Network Layout

1. Segmented Network:

• VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks): Divide your network into
  segments (e.g., one for employees, another for guests) to isolate traffic
  and limit the spread of potential breaches.
• Subnetting: Use subnets to further segment devices based on
  function or department.

1. Firewall Placement:

• Perimeter Firewall: Place a firewall at the edge of your network
  to filter incoming and outgoing traffic.
• Internal Firewalls: Consider additional firewalls between
  critical segments (e.g., finance and general staff).

1. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ):

• Create a DMZ for public-facing servers (e.g., web or email servers)
  to isolate them from the internal network.

1. Wireless Network Isolation:

• Use separate SSIDs and VLANs for guest Wi-Fi, ensuring it’s isolated
  from the main office network.

Essential Equipment

1. Firewall:

• Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW): Choose a firewall with advanced
  features like intrusion prevention, application control, and URL filtering
  (e.g., Cisco ASA, Fortinet, or Palo Alto).

1. Router:

• Select a business-grade router that supports VLANs, QoS (Quality of
  Service), and VPN passthrough.

1. Switches:

• Managed switches allow for better control over network traffic, VLAN
  configuration, and monitoring.

1. Wireless Access Points (WAPs):

• Use enterprise-grade WAPs with support for WPA3 encryption, band
  steering, and multiple SSIDs.

1. Endpoint Protection:

• Antivirus/Anti-Malware Software: Install reputable endpoint
  protection software on all devices (e.g., Bitdefender, CrowdStrike, or
  SentinelOne).
• EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response): For advanced threat
  detection and response.

1. VPN (Virtual Private Network):

• Implement a VPN for secure remote access to the office network (e.g.,
  OpenVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, or WireGuard).

1. Backup Solution:

• Use a reliable backup system with offsite storage and encryption
  (e.g., Veeam, Acronis, or AWS S3).

1. Email Security Gateway:

• Deploy an email security solution to filter spam, phishing attempts,
  and malware (e.g., Barracuda, Mimecast, or Proofpoint).

1. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):

• Enable MFA for all critical accounts and systems (e.g., Microsoft
  Authenticator, Duo, or YubiKey).

1. Network Monitoring Tools:
   • Use tools like Wireshark, PRTG, or SolarWinds to monitor network
     traffic and detect anomalies.

Physical Security

1. Server Room/Closet:

• Secure servers and networking equipment in a locked room with access
  controls.

1. Surveillance Cameras:

• Install cameras at entry points and critical areas for monitoring.

1. Access Control:

• Use keycards or biometric systems to restrict access to sensitive
  areas.

Policies and Practices

1. Security Policies:

• Develop and enforce policies for password management, data handling,
  and acceptable use.

1. Employee Training:

• Regularly train employees on phishing awareness, social engineering,
  and secure practices.

1. Patch Management:

• Keep all software, firmware, and operating systems up to date with
  the latest security patches.

1. Incident Response Plan:

• Have a documented plan for responding to security incidents,
  including roles, responsibilities, and steps to mitigate damage.

Cloud Security (if applicable)

1. Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB):

• Use a CASB to monitor and secure cloud applications (e.g., Microsoft
  Cloud App Security, Netskope).

1. Encryption:

• Ensure data at rest and in transit is encrypted using
  industry-standard protocols.

Example Layout

[Internet]
   │
   ├── [Perimeter Firewall]
   │      │
   │      ├── [DMZ] (Web/Email Server)
   │      │
   │      ├── [Core Switch]
   │           │
   │           ├── [Employee VLAN] (Managed Switch, Workstations)
   │           ├── [Guest VLAN] (Isolated Wi-Fi)
   │           └── [Server VLAN] (File Servers, Printers)
   │
   └── [Internal Firewall (Optional)]

Best Practices

1. Principle of Least Privilege:

• Grant users the minimum access necessary to perform their jobs.

1. Regular Audits:

• Conduct periodic security audits and vulnerability assessments.

1. Data Encryption:

• Encrypt sensitive data both in transit and at rest.

1. Disaster Recovery Plan:

• Test and update your disaster recovery plan regularly.

By implementing this layout and equipment, along with strong policies and
practices, you can significantly enhance the cybersecurity posture of your
small office.

Equipment

When it comes to networking, Use Cisco and Linksys. Also I find Netgear is good in Firewall and switches. We must carefull of equipment made outside of America, of what we call back doors. One piece of equipment with a Backdoor could open a pathway to corrupting not only your office, but other near and far.